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 Footnotes [1] The National Bicycling and Walking Study - Transportation Choices for a Changing America; Final Report, FHWA, 1994, FHWA-PD-94-023. [2] Journey to Work Trends in the United States and its Major Metropolitan Areas, 1960-2000, FHWA, 2003, FHWA-EP-03-058. [3] National Bicycling and Walking Study Five Year Status Report, FHWA, 1999, http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/bikeped/study.htm [4] In addition to spending programs for Bicycle and Pedestrian improvements, Federal legislation also established the Recreational Trails Program, which has provided nearly $328 million to states between 1993 and 2004. More information can be found at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/rectrails/index.htm. [5] The NPTS survey methodology changed between the 1990 and 1995 surveys from a telephone survey to a travel diary survey. This resulted in an increase in the reported number of trips overall, although it likely better reflects actual travel. [6] Changes in survey methodology from 1995 to 2001 could have increased the number of trips reported. For example, in 2001, direct interviewer probes were asked of respondents to report any "forgotten" bike or walk trips. Also, persons ages 0 to 5 were included in 2001, but not in 1995. [7] The apparent disparity between Census Journey to Work data, and the BTS Omnibus data are most likely the result of different survey methodologies. For example, the Census data were collected using a self-reported survey while the BTS data were collected using telephone interviews. They also collect slightly different information; the Census looks only at going to and from work, while the BTS Omnibus survey looks at travel to and from work, as well as walking and bicycling as part of work. [8] Preliminary Estimates of 2003 Highway Fatalities, released April 28, 2004; http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-30/NCSA/PPT/2003EARelease.pdf. [9] The NBWS established an action plan within the USDOT as the primary implementing agency. Other Federal agencies, including the Environmental Protection Agency, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Department of Health and Human Services), and the National Park Service (Department of the Interior), also have active programs to support an increase in walking and bicycling. [10] A full assessment of the actions taken in the past five years (1999-2004) under each item is provided in Appendix 1. Appendix 2 provides an assessment of the actions taken by USDOT between 1994 and 1999. [11] The Design Guidance included a Policy Statement encouraging the inclusion of facilities for bicyclists and pedestrians in all transportation projects unless exceptional circumstances exist. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/bikeped/design.htm [12] A list of State Bicycle and Pedestrian Coordinators is maintained by the AASHTO Transportation Center for Excellence, Subcommittee on Design, at http://design.transportation.org/tf_nonmotorized_bikeped.html. [13] William Wilkinson and Bob Chauncey, Are We There Yet? Assessing the Performance of State Departments of Transportation on Accommodating Bicycles and Pedestrians. National Center for Bicycling & Walking, Washington, DC: February 2003. [14] www.apbp.org [15] No centralized source of information about bicycle and pedestrian coordinators at the local level exists, so membership in the professional organization serves as the only available rough indicator of the number of professionals in the field. [16] Appendix 3 of this Report presents detailed information on Federal transportation monies provided to States for bicycle and pedestrian projects. It also presents State-by-State data on bicycle and pedestrian spending. [17] National Bicycling and Walking Study, page 124. [18] Letter by Secretary of Transportation Norman Mineta to Participants at the National Bike Summit, March 27, 2001; www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/bikeped/bikesum.htm |
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